Subject(s)
COVID-19/epidemiology , Pandemics , Public Health , COVID-19/prevention & control , COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use , Health Inequities , Health Policy , Humans , Masks , Physical Distancing , Politics , SARS-CoV-2 , Time Factors , Travel , UncertaintySubject(s)
COVID-19/prevention & control , Disaster Planning/organization & administration , Global Health/standards , Health Resources/organization & administration , Pandemics/prevention & control , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/virology , Decision Making/ethics , Female , Healthcare Disparities/statistics & numerical data , Humans , International Cooperation , Leadership , Male , Pandemics/economics , Qualitative Research , SARS-CoV-2/genetics , Social Class , Social Participation/psychologySubject(s)
COVID-19/prevention & control , Disaster Planning/organization & administration , Pandemics/prevention & control , Public Health/standards , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/virology , Communication , Community Participation , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control , Female , Health Workforce/organization & administration , Human Rights/ethics , Humans , Organizational Objectives , Population Surveillance/methods , Psychosocial Support Systems , SARS-CoV-2/genetics , Sexual and Gender Minorities/psychologySubject(s)
COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/prevention & control , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Disaster Planning/organization & administration , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19/virology , Economic Status/trends , Female , Health Resources/supply & distribution , Humans , Male , Pandemics , Peer Review/methods , SARS-CoV-2/genetics , Singapore/epidemiology , Vaccines/supply & distributionSubject(s)
COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/prevention & control , Communicable Disease Control/methods , Disease Eradication , Endemic Diseases/prevention & control , Health Policy , Australia/epidemiology , Hong Kong/epidemiology , Humans , New Zealand/epidemiology , SARS-CoV-2 , Singapore/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Health systems resilience is key to learning lessons from country responses to crises such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this perspective, we review COVID-19 responses in 28 countries using a new health systems resilience framework. Through a combination of literature review, national government submissions and interviews with experts, we conducted a comparative analysis of national responses. We report on domains addressing governance and financing, health workforce, medical products and technologies, public health functions, health service delivery and community engagement to prevent and mitigate the spread of COVID-19. We then synthesize four salient elements that underlie highly effective national responses and offer recommendations toward strengthening health systems resilience globally.